Nephrology

Nephrology is a division of medicine that deals with Kidney diseases and disorders. The main Kidney diseases are Acute Renal Failure and Chronic Renal Failure.

Nephrology is the branch of medical science that deals with the diseases of kidneys. It is concerned with normal kidney function, Kidneys are very vital organs of the body with a network of blood vessels and tubes. The function of the kidney is to filter blood from its impurities and excess water.

Kidney disease is termed a “silent” disease because it is often unnoticed by many of them as no symptoms appear in the beginning before they get diagnosed. When both kidneys fail to work they cannot filter the wastes which result in vomiting, nausea, fatigue and itching leading to complete weakness.

Acute Renal Failure means a decrease in Kidney function or Kidney failure that happens suddenly.

Chronic Renal Failure means a decrement in kidney function happening over 3 to 4 months.

Various diseases of the kidney are Glomerulonephritis, Diabetic Nephropathy, Urolithiasis or kidney Stone disease, Genetic Kidney disease, etc., The treatment that we give for kidney failure is Hemodialysis, continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Kidney Transplantation.

Kidney Biopsy is a minimally invasive investigation done to know the Ethiopia Pathogenesis that is what is the type of kidney failure that the patient has. That is a very useful investigation to know the exact type of kidney injury.

Nephrology concerns itself with the study of the working of the kidneys and its diseases. The diseases that come under nephrology are:-

• Acid-base imbalances
• Autoimmune diseases including autoimmune vacuities, lupus, etc.
• Dialysis and its long-term complications – dialysis includes hemodialysis as well as peritoneal dialysis
• Effects of diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure on kidneys
• Hydronephrosis
• Ill effects of drugs and toxins on the kidneys
• Kidney Stone and Bladder Stone
• Kidney infections
• Nephritic syndrome and nephritis
• Polycystic kidney disease where large cysts or fluid-filled sacs are formed within the kidney impairing its functions – this is a congenital and inherited or genetic condition
• Renal failure that can be sudden or acute or long-term or chronic
• Renal vascular diseases affecting the blood vessel networks within the kidneys
• Tubulointerstitial diseases affect the tubules in the kidney
• Urine abnormalities (urinary infection) such as excess excretion of protein, sugar, blood, casts, crystals etc.
• The Department of Nephrology provides comprehensive care across the spectrum of kidney diseases.

During a kidney biopsy — also called renal biopsy — your doctor removes a small piece of kidney tissue to examine under a microscope for signs of damage or disease.

Your doctor may recommend a kidney biopsy to diagnose a suspected kidney problem, determine the severity of kidney disease or monitor treatment for kidney disease. You also may need a kidney biopsy if you’ve had a kidney transplant that’s not working properly.

Most often, a doctor performs a kidney biopsy by inserting a thin needle through the skin — a procedure known as percutaneous kidney biopsy. An imaging device helps the doctor guide the needle into the kidney to remove tissue.